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What is a Noun?

What is a Noun? 什么是名词？ When a word tells us the name名称or title for something, it is a noun. 名词是某事的名字。A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, quality, or idea

Examples:

Person: Mary, mother, child, teacher, doctor, secretary, King Henry
Place: forest, country, China, home, racetrack, grocery store
Thing: notebook, pot, bottle, calculator, sun, cell phone
Quality: kindness, peace, hope, anger, love, passion, loyalty
Idea / Theory: socialism, utilitarianism, moral, interest, obligation

Question: What is it?

Answer: “It is _________.” 它是 _________. The missing word is a noun.

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Tags: Chinese ESL, Chinese to English, English, ESL, ESL in China, Grammar, Learning English, Noun, Part of Speech, writing

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Categories ESL Wordsheets, Life, Teaching

Managerial #Economics ~ Understanding #MRTS the Fun Way!

12 Jun

As always, this lesson is not intended to be professional advice. This is simply lesson material for ESL students in a Managerial Economics and Finance class. Posted here for their use or for helping other students.

PART 1 – Key Words

Quantity (量) ~ How many products = Q (# of 🚗)
Labor (员工) ~ The Number of Workers = L (👱)
Capital (资金) ~ The Money ($$) we need = K (💲)
Change (变化) ~ How much did the # change? = Δ(🔺)
Marginal (边际成本) ~ Result if you add ONE MORE (+1) Q
Rate (比率) ~ Ratio
Substitution (取代) ~ XK = 1L (Substitution asks “what is X?”)
Input (输入) ~ All the resources you put into a product.
1. Ice Cream 🍦has many inputs:
  1. Milk🥛
  2. Eggs🍳
  3. Sugar
  4. Ice
  5. Salt
  6. Chocolate Sauce
Output (产量) ~ The product you create
1. Ice Cream 🍨🍦is the output!

Part 2 – The Relationship Between L, K, and Q

Every product (产量) can have lots of inputs (输入), just like the Ice Cream 🍦 or a Car 🚗.

Input + Input + Input + Input = Output (🚗)

But in our class, we focus on TWO inputs: Labor (👱) and Money (💲)

👱+💲=🚗
Labor (👱) + Money (💲) = Quantity (🚗)
L (👱)+ K (💲)= Q(🚗)

Example:
Justin sells 200 cars 🚗every day. Not 201 cars. Not 199 cars. He sells EXACTLY 200 cars 🚗every day.

L (👱) + K (💲) = 200 cars (🚗)

Justin knows that in ONE DAY🔆:

1 worker 👱 can create 50% of a car 🚗~ 2 workers 👱👱can create 100% of a car 🚗(one car)
- 1L = 0.5Q 🚗
- 2L = 1Q 🚗
$5 💲 can pay for 20% of a car 🚗~ $25 💲can pay for 100% of a car 🚗(one car)
- 1K = 0.2Q 🚗
- 5K = 1Q 🚗

Rule #1 ~ If L ⬆ and K ⬆, then the # of 🚗 cars will also ⬆

Rule #2 ~ If L ⬇ and K ⬇, then the # of 🚗 cars will also ⬇

Rule #3 ~ If L ⬇ and the # of 🚗 cars is still 200 (stay the same), K must ⬆

Rule #4 ~ If K ⬇ and the # of 🚗 cars is still 200 (stay the same), L must ⬆

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Today, Justin looks 🤔at his Money 💲and is NOT happy😭. He thinks he spends TOO MUCH money😡! He wants to buy a new bicycle🚲, so he decides to SAVE $100 💲

This means today:

👱L + (💲K – 💲100K) = ? Q🚗

WHAT IS THE NEW Q (number of cars🚗) that Justin Makes Today?

Day 1 (Yesterday): 👱L + 💲K = 🚗200Q

Day 2 (Today): 👱L + (💲K – 💲100K) = 🚗200Q – all the 🚗cars $100K would pay for.

Remember! 💲1K = 🚗0.20Q (one dollar pays for 0.20 cars in a day)

If Justin does not spend $100 today, he will lose the money for 20 cars!

1K = 0.20 cars
💲-100K = -20 cars🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗

ANSWER: Justin makes 180 cars today!

L + (K – 100K) = 200 cars – 20 cars
= 180 cars🚗

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

OK?!?🤔

NO!!! 😡Remember –> “Justin sells 200 cars 🚗every day. Not 201 cars. Not 199 cars. He sells EXACTLY 200 cars every day. ”

PROBLEM: How can Justin still make and sell 200 cars tomorrow if he still saves the $100 (-100K) as today.

Rule #4 ~ If 💲K ⬇ and the # of 🚗 cars is 200 (the same), 👱L must ⬆

QUESTION: HOW MUCH should 👱L go up (⬆)?

Step 1 ~ How many extra cars 🚗does Justin need to make? ~ Justin can make 180 cars right now if he saves $100 (-100K) but L stays the same as yesterday.

200 🚗 – 180 🚗= 20🚗
Justin needs to make 👱L ⬆ enough to make 20 extra cars🚗 tomorrow.

Step 2 ~ How much L does Justin have to add (+) to make 20 more cars tomorrow?

?L + (K – 100K) = 200Q

Remember,

👱1L = 0.5Q 🚗 | 👱👱2L = 1Q 🚗
20Q 🚗= 40L

ANSWER: Justin will have to hire 40 workers (+40L) in order to make 20 more cars tomorrow.

👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫👫

FINAL SOLUTION

*Substitution = Adding L to Decrease K

(👱L + 👱40L) + (💲K – 💲100K) = 200 Q (🚗)

Part 3 ~ MRTS

MRTS = Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution

Go Back to Part 2.

🔺K💲
- Yesterday, Justin had K💲
- Tomorrow, Justin has -100K💲
- 🔺K = -100K💲
🔺L👱
- Yesterday, Justin had L👱
- Tomorrow, Justin has +40L👱
- 🔺L = +40L👱

MRTS = 5K : 2L |5💲 : 2👫

This just tells us:

For every 2 👫workers Justin has, he spends $5💲💲💲💲💲.
For every 1 👱worker Just has, he spends $2.50💲💲½
If Justin wants to hire 1 worker (+1L) , he will save $2.50 (-2.50K)
I Justin wants to save $40 (-40K), he must hire 16 workers (+16L)

MRTS shows how much L👱 can be a substitute for K💲!

Tags: business, Econ, Economics, emoji, EmojiBiz, Equation, ESL, Finance, formula, Managerial Economics, Microeconomics, MRTS, Understanding

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Categories Business & Economics, ESL Wordsheets, Life, Teaching

Relative Pronouns

14 Dec

Relative Pronouns (A lesson for my ESL Students)

There are three (3) “Relative Pronouns” in English–THAT, WHICH, WHO. Their job is to come after a noun and introduce more information about that object. Basically, they answer the question “What _____? I need more information please!”

Especially helpful if you need more information in order to correctly identify that specific object from a group of similar items.

THAT – is used for things and people. “Tom is the man that is going to teach you.” (Tom is the man. What man? – more information please. The man going to teach you.)
WHICH – is used only for things. “Here is the car which I used to pick you up.” (This is the car. What car? – more information please. The car I used to pick you up.)
WHO – is used only for people. “Mary is the woman who helped me study for the test.” (Mary is the woman. What woman? – more information please.She helped me study for the test.)

EXAMPLE:

We are at the airport, and I say “Go get the car.” But you don’t know my car, you have never seen my car. How do you pick my car from a group of cars?

Well, I could have given you more information about the car using “Relative Pronouns.”

Since “Car” is a thing, I could use either “that” or “which.”

“Go get the car that is on the right side of the parking lot.”
“Go get the car which is green and parked close to the building.”

Both of these would give you more information so you can pick the correct car.

Tags: English, English as a Second Language, ESL, foreign language, Relative Pronouns, That, Which, Who

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Categories ESL Wordsheets, Life, Teaching, TESOL

Corporate Governance Vocabulary

31 Dec

Hello!

This semester I had the wonderful opportunity to introduce my International Business Management students to the concept of International Corporate Governance. They had studied the idea of corporate governance the previous semester, but it revolved significantly around US rules and regulations.

This time, my goal was to expand their understanding of Business Management, Corporate Law, and Business Ethics to an international level. The ultimate plan was for the students to understand the international parties, rules, and features of Corporate Governance. At the end, the students should be fully capable of doing the research and opening up legal, ethical corporations around the world.

Unfortunately, I teach ESL students; it quickly became clear that in order for the class to proceed some Corporate Governance-related vocabulary was necessary. Since I know many other students suffer from the same problem, I have decided to share with you the same vocabulary I shared with my students!

In the interest of helping English-speaking teachers or businesspersons trying to use Chinese, I have also included the Chinese translations my students provided for the words. While I cannot attest to the validity of the Chinese terms (I highly recommend you verify these terms in case you need to use them in an official capacity), perhaps they can help in general conversation. 🙂 If you find corrections, please let me know in the comments!

I’ll be updating the vocabulary page regularly over the next 15 weeks or so with new words (about 20-30 a week).

Click below to visit the Vocabulary Page